the new cats next door decided this bit of ground dry under the eaves was a very nce kitty litter. so we scraped away i bit of the mulch and put a 1/4 inch mesh under the mulch. no cats so far but which mining engineers cause these holes? thanks all PS if there is a better part of the forum for pests - please move this one to it. the one i found was closed!
An antlion (Myrmeleontidae) larva. They dig pit traps like this, which they use to trap small insects. PS I've moved it to the 'Celebrate Biodiversity' forum. They're fascinating wildlife, not pests ;-)